Feat/disk cache (#354)

- Bump rust version to `nightly-2025-07-02` because some of the nightly features we were using have been stabilized.
- Introduce feature `disk_cache` which enables caching to disk.  Each time an artifact is retrieved from the cache it will be read and deserialized.  On a cache miss the artifact will be created, serialized and stored to disk.
- Introduce feature `mem_cache` which enables caching to memory.  All cached artifacts are kept in memory after they are created.  The mem cache implementation avoids cloning of artifacts by extending their lifetime to `'static`.  This is `unsafe` code, but I argue that this usage is safe.
- Add a `build.rs`
  - When the feature `disk_cache` is enabled, the `build.rs` will inject env variables to the process with the git commit information, which is used to index the cached artifacts
- Replace all previous cached artifacts from `LazyStatic` methods that call the cache API
- Derive `Serialize, Deserialize` for all `*Target` types so that they can be serialized for caching to disk
- Add finer level of caching: now we cache the `CircuitData` and `VerifierData` independently.  The reason for this is that `CircuitData` is a very big artifact which is not needed for verification.  So by only accessing `VerifierData` in verification we don't pay a big overhead for reading from disk and deserializing
- Add missing artifacts to the cache: like the `CircuitData` for the `MainPod` indexed by `Params`
- Add helper types to serialize and deserialize `CircuitData`, `CommonData` and `VerifierData` with the set of gates and generators used in the recursive MainPod circuit
- Tweak the ids of our custom gates so that they remain unique when their generic parameters change
- Bugfix: several tests were using the standard `vd_set` but were using MainPod circuits with non-default parameters.  This was working before because there was a bug: the MainPod circuit was reporting that the used verifier data was the standard one instead of picking the one corresponding to it's own Params.

Summary of breaking changes:
- One and only one of the features `mem_cache` or `disk_cache` need to be enabled.  By default it's `mem_cache`
  - To enable the `disk_cache` you need to disable the default features like this: `--no-default-features --features=backend_plonky2,zk,disk_cache`
- Removed `DEFAULT_PARAMS`, instead use `Params::default()`
- Removed `STANDARD_REC_MAIN_POD_CIRCUIT_DATA`, instead use `cache_get_standard_rec_main_pod_common_circuit_data`
- The library is now using `nightly-2025-07-02`.  Some rust language features are unstable in previous versions.

src/backends/plonky2/primitives/ec/curve.rs

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ pub fn ec_field_sqrt(x: &ECField) -> Option<ECField> {
     ]);
     // Compute x^((r-1)/2) = x^(p*((1+p)/2)*(1+p^2))
     let x1 = x.frobenius();
+    #[allow(clippy::manual_div_ceil)]
     let x2 = x1.exp_u64((1 + GoldilocksField::ORDER) / 2);
     let den = x2 * x2.repeated_frobenius(2);
     Some(num / den)
@@ -440,7 +441,7 @@ impl Mul<Point> for &BigUint {
 
 type FieldTarget = OEFTarget<5, QuinticExtension<GoldilocksField>>;
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct PointTarget {
     pub x: FieldTarget,
     pub u: FieldTarget,
@@ -470,8 +471,8 @@ impl PointTarget {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-struct PointSquareRootGenerator {
+#[derive(Clone, Default, Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct PointSquareRootGenerator {
     pub orig: PointTarget,
     pub sqrt: PointTarget,
 }