Feat/disk cache (#354)

- Bump rust version to `nightly-2025-07-02` because some of the nightly features we were using have been stabilized.
- Introduce feature `disk_cache` which enables caching to disk.  Each time an artifact is retrieved from the cache it will be read and deserialized.  On a cache miss the artifact will be created, serialized and stored to disk.
- Introduce feature `mem_cache` which enables caching to memory.  All cached artifacts are kept in memory after they are created.  The mem cache implementation avoids cloning of artifacts by extending their lifetime to `'static`.  This is `unsafe` code, but I argue that this usage is safe.
- Add a `build.rs`
  - When the feature `disk_cache` is enabled, the `build.rs` will inject env variables to the process with the git commit information, which is used to index the cached artifacts
- Replace all previous cached artifacts from `LazyStatic` methods that call the cache API
- Derive `Serialize, Deserialize` for all `*Target` types so that they can be serialized for caching to disk
- Add finer level of caching: now we cache the `CircuitData` and `VerifierData` independently.  The reason for this is that `CircuitData` is a very big artifact which is not needed for verification.  So by only accessing `VerifierData` in verification we don't pay a big overhead for reading from disk and deserializing
- Add missing artifacts to the cache: like the `CircuitData` for the `MainPod` indexed by `Params`
- Add helper types to serialize and deserialize `CircuitData`, `CommonData` and `VerifierData` with the set of gates and generators used in the recursive MainPod circuit
- Tweak the ids of our custom gates so that they remain unique when their generic parameters change
- Bugfix: several tests were using the standard `vd_set` but were using MainPod circuits with non-default parameters.  This was working before because there was a bug: the MainPod circuit was reporting that the used verifier data was the standard one instead of picking the one corresponding to it's own Params.

Summary of breaking changes:
- One and only one of the features `mem_cache` or `disk_cache` need to be enabled.  By default it's `mem_cache`
  - To enable the `disk_cache` you need to disable the default features like this: `--no-default-features --features=backend_plonky2,zk,disk_cache`
- Removed `DEFAULT_PARAMS`, instead use `Params::default()`
- Removed `STANDARD_REC_MAIN_POD_CIRCUIT_DATA`, instead use `cache_get_standard_rec_main_pod_common_circuit_data`
- The library is now using `nightly-2025-07-02`.  Some rust language features are unstable in previous versions.

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -21,9 +21,11 @@ jobs:
     - name: Build default
       run: cargo build
     - name: Build non-zk # check without the zk feature enabled
-      run: cargo build --no-default-features --features backend_plonky2
+      run: cargo build --no-default-features --features backend_plonky2,mem_cache
     - name: Build metrics
       run: cargo build --features metrics
     - name: Build time
       run: cargo build --features time
+    - name: Build disk_cache
+      run: cargo build --no-default-features --features backend_plonky2,zk,disk_cache
 

Cargo.toml

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 name = "pod2"
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2021"
+build = "build.rs"
 
 [lib]
 name = "pod2"
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ env_logger = "0.11"
 lazy_static = "1.5.0"
 thiserror = { version = "2.0.12" }
 # enabled by features:
-plonky2 = { git = "https://github.com/0xPolygonZero/plonky2", optional = true }
+plonky2 = { git = "https://github.com/0xPARC/plonky2.git", rev = "3defd60532c8693cf5e9d2e6a8412c77ca58760f", optional = true }
 serde = "1.0.219"
 serde_json = "1.0.140"
 base64 = "0.22.1"
@@ -32,6 +33,11 @@ rand = "0.8.5"
 hashbrown = { version = "0.14.3", default-features = false, features = ["serde"] }
 pest = "2.8.0"
 pest_derive = "2.8.0"
+directories = { version = "6.0.0", optional = true }
+minicbor-serde = { version = "0.5.0", features = ["std"], optional = true }
+serde_bytes = "0.11"
+serde_arrays = "0.2.0"
+sha2 = { version = "0.10.9" }
 
 # Uncomment for debugging with https://github.com/ed255/plonky2/ at branch `feat/debug`.  The repo directory needs to be checked out next to the pod2 repo directory.
 # [patch."https://github.com/0xPolygonZero/plonky2"]
@@ -42,10 +48,15 @@ pretty_assertions = "1.4.1"
 # Used only for testing JSON Schema generation and validation.
 jsonschema = "0.30.0"
 
+[build-dependencies]
+vergen-gitcl = { version = "1.0.0", features = ["build"] }
+
 [features]
-default = ["backend_plonky2", "zk"]
+default = ["backend_plonky2", "zk", "mem_cache"]
 backend_plonky2 = ["plonky2"]
 zk = []
 metrics = []
 time = []
 examples = []
+disk_cache = ["directories", "minicbor-serde"]
+mem_cache = []

build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#[cfg(feature = "mem_cache")]
+fn main() {}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "disk_cache")]
+fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    use vergen_gitcl::{Emitter, GitclBuilder};
+    // Example of injected vars:
+    // cargo:rustc-env=VERGEN_GIT_BRANCH=master
+    // cargo:rustc-env=VERGEN_GIT_COMMIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=emitter@vergen.com
+    // cargo:rustc-env=VERGEN_GIT_COMMIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Jason Ozias
+    // cargo:rustc-env=VERGEN_GIT_COMMIT_COUNT=44
+    // cargo:rustc-env=VERGEN_GIT_COMMIT_DATE=2024-01-30
+    // cargo:rustc-env=VERGEN_GIT_COMMIT_MESSAGE=depsup
+    // cargo:rustc-env=VERGEN_GIT_COMMIT_TIMESTAMP=2024-01-30T21:43:43.000000000Z
+    // cargo:rustc-env=VERGEN_GIT_DESCRIBE=0.1.0-beta.1-15-g728e25c
+    // cargo:rustc-env=VERGEN_GIT_SHA=728e25ca5bb7edbbc505f12b28c66b2b27883cf1
+    let gitcl = GitclBuilder::all_git()?;
+    Emitter::default().add_instructions(&gitcl)?.emit()?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}

examples/main_pod_points.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#![allow(clippy::uninlined_format_args)] // TODO: Remove this in another PR
 //! Example of building main pods that verify signed pods and other main pods using custom
 //! predicates
 //!
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ use pod2::{
 };
 
 fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    env_logger::init();
     let args: Vec<String> = env::args().collect();
     let mock = args.get(1).is_some_and(|arg1| arg1 == "--mock");
     if mock {

examples/signed_pod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#![allow(clippy::uninlined_format_args)] // TODO: Remove this in another PR
 //! Simple example of building a signed pod and verifying it
 //!
 //! Run: `cargo run --release --example signed_pod`

rust-toolchain.toml

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 [toolchain]
-channel = "nightly-2025-01-20"
+channel = "nightly-2025-07-02"
 components = ["clippy", "rustfmt"]

src/backends/plonky2/basetypes.rs

@@ -42,20 +42,29 @@ use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::LazyLock};
 
 use crate::{
     backends::plonky2::{
-        emptypod::STANDARD_EMPTY_POD_DATA, primitives::merkletree::MerkleClaimAndProof,
-        DEFAULT_PARAMS, STANDARD_REC_MAIN_POD_CIRCUIT_DATA,
+        emptypod::cache_get_standard_empty_pod_verifier_circuit_data,
+        mainpod::cache_get_rec_main_pod_verifier_circuit_data,
+        primitives::merkletree::MerkleClaimAndProof,
     },
-    middleware::{containers::Array, Hash, RawValue, Result, Value},
+    middleware::{containers::Array, Hash, Params, RawValue, Result, Value},
 };
 
-pub static DEFAULT_VD_SET: LazyLock<VDSet> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    let params = &*DEFAULT_PARAMS;
+pub static DEFAULT_VD_LIST: LazyLock<Vec<VerifierOnlyCircuitData>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    let params = Params::default();
+    vec![
+        cache_get_rec_main_pod_verifier_circuit_data(&params)
+            .verifier_only
+            .clone(),
+        cache_get_standard_empty_pod_verifier_circuit_data()
+            .verifier_only
+            .clone(),
+    ]
+});
 
-    let vds = vec![
-        STANDARD_REC_MAIN_POD_CIRCUIT_DATA.verifier_only.clone(),
-        STANDARD_EMPTY_POD_DATA.1.verifier_only.clone(),
-    ];
-    VDSet::new(params.max_depth_mt_vds, &vds).unwrap()
+pub static DEFAULT_VD_SET: LazyLock<VDSet> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    let params = Params::default();
+    let vds = &*DEFAULT_VD_LIST;
+    VDSet::new(params.max_depth_mt_vds, vds).unwrap()
 });
 
 /// VDSet is the set of the allowed verifier_data hashes. When proving a

src/backends/plonky2/circuits/common.rs

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use plonky2::{
     },
     util::serialization::{Buffer, IoResult, Read, Write},
 };
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::{
     backends::plonky2::{
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ use crate::{
 pub const CODE_SIZE: usize = HASH_SIZE + 2;
 const NUM_BITS: usize = 32;
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct ValueTarget {
     pub elements: [Target; VALUE_SIZE],
 }
@@ -75,8 +76,9 @@ impl ValueTarget {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct StatementArgTarget {
+    #[serde(with = "serde_arrays")]
     pub elements: [Target; STATEMENT_ARG_F_LEN],
 }
 
@@ -128,7 +130,7 @@ impl StatementArgTarget {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct StatementTarget {
     pub predicate: PredicateTarget,
     pub args: Vec<StatementArgTarget>,
@@ -201,8 +203,9 @@ impl StatementTarget {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct OperationTypeTarget {
+    #[serde(with = "serde_arrays")]
     pub elements: [Target; Params::operation_type_size()],
 }
 
@@ -249,10 +252,11 @@ impl OperationTypeTarget {
 }
 
 // TODO: Implement Operation::to_field to determine the size of each element
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct OperationTarget {
     pub op_type: OperationTypeTarget,
     pub args: Vec<[Target; OPERATION_ARG_F_LEN]>,
+    #[serde(with = "serde_arrays")]
     pub aux: [Target; OPERATION_AUX_F_LEN],
 }
 
@@ -304,8 +308,9 @@ impl NativePredicateTarget {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct PredicateTarget {
+    #[serde(with = "serde_arrays")]
     pub(crate) elements: [Target; Params::predicate_size()],
 }
 
@@ -386,8 +391,9 @@ impl LiteralOrWildcardTarget {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct StatementTmplArgTarget {
+    #[serde(with = "serde_arrays")]
     pub elements: [Target; Params::statement_tmpl_arg_size()],
 }
 
@@ -432,7 +438,7 @@ impl StatementTmplArgTarget {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct StatementTmplTarget {
     pub pred: PredicateTarget,
     pub args: Vec<StatementTmplArgTarget>,
@@ -449,7 +455,7 @@ impl StatementTmplTarget {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct CustomPredicateTarget {
     pub conjunction: BoolTarget,
     // len = params.max_custom_predicate_arity
@@ -468,7 +474,7 @@ impl CustomPredicateTarget {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct CustomPredicateBatchTarget {
     pub predicates: Vec<CustomPredicateTarget>,
 }
@@ -500,6 +506,7 @@ impl CustomPredicateBatchTarget {
 }
 
 /// Custom predicate table entry
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct CustomPredicateEntryTarget {
     pub id: HashOutTarget,
     pub index: Target,
@@ -575,6 +582,7 @@ impl CustomPredicateEntryTarget {
 }
 
 // Custom predicate verification table entry
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct CustomPredicateVerifyEntryTarget {
     pub custom_predicate_table_index: Target,
     pub custom_predicate: CustomPredicateEntryTarget,
@@ -631,6 +639,7 @@ impl CustomPredicateVerifyEntryTarget {
 }
 
 /// Query for the custom predicate verification table
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct CustomPredicateVerifyQueryTarget {
     pub statement: StatementTarget,
     pub op_type: OperationTypeTarget,
@@ -1386,7 +1395,7 @@ impl CircuitBuilderPod<F, D> for CircuitBuilder {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
 pub struct LtMaskGenerator {
     pub(crate) n: Target,
     pub(crate) mask: Vec<Target>,

src/backends/plonky2/circuits/mainpod.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use plonky2::{
     },
     plonk::config::AlgebraicHasher,
 };
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::{
     backends::plonky2::{
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ use crate::{
             },
             signedpod::{verify_signed_pod_circuit, SignedPodVerifyTarget},
         },
-        emptypod::{EmptyPod, STANDARD_EMPTY_POD_DATA},
+        emptypod::{cache_get_standard_empty_pod_circuit_data, EmptyPod},
         error::Result,
         mainpod::{self, pad_statement},
         primitives::merkletree::{
@@ -1303,6 +1304,7 @@ fn verify_main_pod_circuit(
     Ok(id)
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct MainPodVerifyTarget {
     params: Params,
     vds_root: HashOutTarget,
@@ -1427,9 +1429,13 @@ impl InnerCircuit for MainPodVerifyTarget {
             self.vd_mt_proofs[i].set_targets(pw, true, vd_mt_proof)?;
         }
         // the rest of vd_mt_proofs set them to the empty_pod vd_mt_proof
-        let vd_emptypod_mt_proof = input
+        let vd_emptypod_mt_proof =
+            input
                 .vds_set
-            .get_vds_proofs(&[STANDARD_EMPTY_POD_DATA.1.verifier_only.clone()])?;
+                .get_vds_proofs(&[cache_get_standard_empty_pod_circuit_data()
+                    .1
+                    .verifier_only
+                    .clone()])?;
         let vd_emptypod_mt_proof = vd_emptypod_mt_proof[0].clone();
         for i in input.vd_mt_proofs.len()..self.vd_mt_proofs.len() {
             self.vd_mt_proofs[i].set_targets(pw, true, &vd_emptypod_mt_proof)?;

src/backends/plonky2/circuits/signedpod.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use plonky2::{
     iop::witness::{PartialWitness, WitnessWrite},
     plonk::circuit_builder::CircuitBuilder,
 };
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::{
     backends::plonky2::{
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ pub fn verify_signed_pod_circuit(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct SignedPodVerifyTarget {
     params: Params,
     id: HashOutTarget,

src/backends/plonky2/circuits/utils.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use plonky2::{
 ///     vec![v1, v2, v3],
 /// ));
 /// ```
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
 pub struct DebugGenerator {
     pub(crate) name: String,
     pub(crate) xs: Vec<Target>,

src/backends/plonky2/emptypod.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
-use std::{
-    collections::HashMap,
-    sync::{LazyLock, Mutex},
-};
-
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use plonky2::{
     hash::hash_types::HashOutTarget,
@@ -18,6 +13,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use crate::{
     backends::plonky2::{
         basetypes::{Proof, C, D},
+        cache_get_standard_rec_main_pod_common_circuit_data,
         circuits::{
             common::{Flattenable, StatementTarget},
             mainpod::{calculate_id_circuit, PI_OFFSET_ID},
@@ -26,8 +22,10 @@ use crate::{
         error::{Error, Result},
         mainpod::{self, calculate_id},
         recursion::pad_circuit,
-        serialize_proof, DEFAULT_PARAMS, STANDARD_REC_MAIN_POD_CIRCUIT_DATA,
+        serialization::{CircuitDataSerializer, VerifierCircuitDataSerializer},
+        serialize_proof,
     },
+    cache::{self, CacheEntry},
     middleware::{
         self, AnchoredKey, Hash, Params, Pod, PodId, PodType, RecursivePod, Statement, ToFields,
         VDSet, Value, VerifierOnlyCircuitData, F, HASH_SIZE, KEY_TYPE, SELF,
@@ -60,6 +58,7 @@ impl EmptyPodVerifyCircuit {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct EmptyPodVerifyTarget {
     vds_root: HashOutTarget,
 }
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ impl EmptyPodVerifyTarget {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct EmptyPod {
     params: Params,
     id: PodId,
@@ -80,11 +79,26 @@ pub struct EmptyPod {
 
 type CircuitData = circuit_data::CircuitData<F, C, D>;
 
-pub static STANDARD_EMPTY_POD_DATA: LazyLock<(EmptyPodVerifyTarget, CircuitData)> =
-    LazyLock::new(|| build().expect("successful build"));
+pub fn cache_get_standard_empty_pod_circuit_data(
+) -> CacheEntry<(EmptyPodVerifyTarget, CircuitDataSerializer)> {
+    cache::get("standard_empty_pod_circuit_data", &(), |_| {
+        let (target, circuit_data) = build().expect("successful build");
+        (target, CircuitDataSerializer(circuit_data))
+    })
+    .expect("cache ok")
+}
+
+pub fn cache_get_standard_empty_pod_verifier_circuit_data(
+) -> CacheEntry<VerifierCircuitDataSerializer> {
+    cache::get("standard_empty_pod_verifier_circuit_data", &(), |_| {
+        let (_, standard_empty_pod_circuit_data) = &*cache_get_standard_empty_pod_circuit_data();
+        VerifierCircuitDataSerializer(standard_empty_pod_circuit_data.verifier_data().clone())
+    })
+    .expect("cache ok")
+}
 
 fn build() -> Result<(EmptyPodVerifyTarget, CircuitData)> {
-    let params = &*DEFAULT_PARAMS;
+    let params = Params::default();
 
     #[cfg(not(feature = "zk"))]
     let config = CircuitConfig::standard_recursion_config();
@@ -96,20 +110,18 @@ fn build() -> Result<(EmptyPodVerifyTarget, CircuitData)> {
         params: params.clone(),
     }
     .eval(&mut builder)?;
-    let circuit_data = &*STANDARD_REC_MAIN_POD_CIRCUIT_DATA;
-    pad_circuit(&mut builder, &circuit_data.common);
+    let common_circuit_data = &*cache_get_standard_rec_main_pod_common_circuit_data();
+    pad_circuit(&mut builder, common_circuit_data);
 
     let data = timed!("EmptyPod build", builder.build::<C>());
-    assert_eq!(circuit_data.common, data.common);
+    assert_eq!(common_circuit_data.0, data.common);
     Ok((empty_pod_verify_target, data))
 }
 
-static EMPTY_POD_CACHE: LazyLock<Mutex<HashMap<Hash, EmptyPod>>> =
-    LazyLock::new(|| Mutex::new(HashMap::new()));
-
 impl EmptyPod {
     pub fn new(params: &Params, vd_set: VDSet) -> Result<EmptyPod> {
-        let (empty_pod_verify_target, data) = &*STANDARD_EMPTY_POD_DATA;
+        let standard_empty_pod_data = cache_get_standard_empty_pod_circuit_data();
+        let (empty_pod_verify_target, data) = &*standard_empty_pod_data;
 
         let mut pw = PartialWitness::<F>::new();
         empty_pod_verify_target.set_targets(&mut pw, vd_set.root())?;
@@ -124,16 +136,16 @@ impl EmptyPod {
         })
     }
     pub fn new_boxed(params: &Params, vd_set: VDSet) -> Box<dyn RecursivePod> {
-        let default_params = &*DEFAULT_PARAMS;
+        let default_params = Params::default();
         assert_eq!(default_params.id_params(), params.id_params());
 
-        let empty_pod = EMPTY_POD_CACHE
-            .lock()
-            .unwrap()
-            .entry(vd_set.root())
-            .or_insert_with(|| Self::new(params, vd_set).expect("prove EmptyPod"))
-            .clone();
-        Box::new(empty_pod)
+        let empty_pod = cache::get(
+            "empty_pod",
+            &(default_params, vd_set),
+            |(params, vd_set)| Self::new(params, vd_set.clone()).expect("prove EmptyPod"),
+        )
+        .expect("cache ok");
+        Box::new(empty_pod.clone())
     }
 }
 
@@ -164,8 +176,9 @@ impl Pod for EmptyPod {
             .cloned()
             .collect_vec();
 
-        let (_, data) = &*STANDARD_EMPTY_POD_DATA;
-        data.verify(ProofWithPublicInputs {
+        let standard_empty_pod_verifier_data = cache_get_standard_empty_pod_verifier_circuit_data();
+        standard_empty_pod_verifier_data
+            .verify(ProofWithPublicInputs {
                 proof: self.proof.clone(),
                 public_inputs,
             })
@@ -193,8 +206,11 @@ impl Pod for EmptyPod {
 
 impl RecursivePod for EmptyPod {
     fn verifier_data(&self) -> VerifierOnlyCircuitData {
-        let (_, data) = &*STANDARD_EMPTY_POD_DATA;
-        data.verifier_only.clone()
+        let standard_empty_pod_verifier_circuit_data =
+            cache_get_standard_empty_pod_verifier_circuit_data();
+        standard_empty_pod_verifier_circuit_data
+            .verifier_only
+            .clone()
     }
     fn proof(&self) -> Proof {
         self.proof.clone()
@@ -209,8 +225,8 @@ impl RecursivePod for EmptyPod {
         id: PodId,
     ) -> Result<Box<dyn RecursivePod>> {
         let data: Data = serde_json::from_value(data)?;
-        let circuit_data = &*STANDARD_REC_MAIN_POD_CIRCUIT_DATA;
-        let proof = deserialize_proof(&circuit_data.common, &data.proof)?;
+        let common_circuit_data = cache_get_standard_rec_main_pod_common_circuit_data();
+        let proof = deserialize_proof(&common_circuit_data, &data.proof)?;
         Ok(Box::new(Self {
             params,
             id,

src/backends/plonky2/mainpod/mod.rs

@@ -4,31 +4,34 @@ use std::{any::Any, iter, sync::Arc};
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 pub use operation::*;
-use plonky2::{
-    hash::poseidon::PoseidonHash,
-    plonk::{circuit_data::CommonCircuitData, config::Hasher},
-};
+use plonky2::{hash::poseidon::PoseidonHash, plonk::config::Hasher};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 pub use statement::*;
 
 use crate::{
     backends::plonky2::{
-        basetypes::{Proof, ProofWithPublicInputs, VerifierOnlyCircuitData, D},
+        basetypes::{CircuitData, Proof, ProofWithPublicInputs, VerifierOnlyCircuitData},
+        cache::{self, CacheEntry},
+        cache_get_standard_rec_main_pod_common_circuit_data,
         circuits::mainpod::{CustomPredicateVerification, MainPodVerifyInput, MainPodVerifyTarget},
         deserialize_proof,
         emptypod::EmptyPod,
         error::{Error, Result},
         mock::emptypod::MockEmptyPod,
         primitives::merkletree::MerkleClaimAndProof,
-        recursion::{hash_verifier_data, RecursiveCircuit, RecursiveParams},
+        recursion::{
+            hash_verifier_data, prove_rec_circuit, RecursiveCircuit, RecursiveCircuitTarget,
+        },
+        serialization::{
+            CircuitDataSerializer, CommonCircuitDataSerializer, VerifierCircuitDataSerializer,
+        },
         serialize_proof,
         signedpod::SignedPod,
-        STANDARD_REC_MAIN_POD_CIRCUIT_DATA,
     },
     middleware::{
         self, resolve_wildcard_values, value_from_op, AnchoredKey, CustomPredicateBatch, Hash,
         MainPodInputs, NativeOperation, OperationType, Params, Pod, PodId, PodProver, PodType,
-        RecursivePod, StatementArg, ToFields, VDSet, F, KEY_TYPE, SELF,
+        RecursivePod, StatementArg, ToFields, VDSet, KEY_TYPE, SELF,
     },
     timed,
 };
@@ -434,24 +437,6 @@ impl PodProver for Prover {
         vd_set: &VDSet,
         inputs: MainPodInputs,
     ) -> Result<Box<dyn RecursivePod>> {
-        let rec_circuit_data = &*STANDARD_REC_MAIN_POD_CIRCUIT_DATA;
-        let (main_pod_target, circuit_data) =
-            RecursiveCircuit::<MainPodVerifyTarget>::target_and_circuit_data_padded(
-                params.max_input_recursive_pods,
-                &rec_circuit_data.common,
-                params,
-            )?;
-        let rec_params = RecursiveParams {
-            arity: params.max_input_recursive_pods,
-            common_data: circuit_data.common.clone(),
-            verifier_data: circuit_data.verifier_data(),
-        };
-        let main_pod = RecursiveCircuit {
-            params: rec_params,
-            prover: circuit_data.prover_data(),
-            target: main_pod_target,
-        };
-
         let signed_pods_input: Vec<SignedPod> = inputs
             .signed_pods
             .iter()
@@ -541,9 +526,17 @@ impl PodProver for Prover {
             custom_predicate_batches,
             custom_predicate_verifications,
         };
+
+        let (main_pod_target, circuit_data) = &*cache_get_rec_main_pod_circuit_data(params);
         let proof_with_pis = timed!(
             "MainPod::prove",
-            main_pod.prove(&input, proofs, verifier_datas)?
+            prove_rec_circuit(
+                main_pod_target,
+                circuit_data,
+                &input,
+                proofs,
+                verifier_datas
+            )?
         );
 
         Ok(Box::new(MainPod {
@@ -570,21 +563,59 @@ pub struct MainPod {
     proof: Proof,
 }
 
-// This is a helper function to get the CommonCircuitData necessary to decode
-// a serialized proof. At some point in the future, this data may be available
-// as a constant or with static initialization, but in the meantime we can
-// generate it on-demand.
-pub fn get_common_data(params: &Params) -> Result<CommonCircuitData<F, D>, Error> {
-    // TODO: Cache this somehow
-    // https://github.com/0xPARC/pod2/issues/247
-    let rec_circuit_data = &*STANDARD_REC_MAIN_POD_CIRCUIT_DATA;
-    let (_, circuit_data) =
+pub(crate) fn rec_main_pod_circuit_data(
+    params: &Params,
+) -> (RecursiveCircuitTarget<MainPodVerifyTarget>, CircuitData) {
+    let rec_common_circuit_data = cache_get_standard_rec_main_pod_common_circuit_data();
+    timed!(
+        "recursive MainPod circuit_data padded",
         RecursiveCircuit::<MainPodVerifyTarget>::target_and_circuit_data_padded(
             params.max_input_recursive_pods,
-            &rec_circuit_data.common,
+            &rec_common_circuit_data,
             params,
-        )?;
-    Ok(circuit_data.common.clone())
+        )
+        .expect("calculate target_and_circuit_data_padded")
+    )
+}
+
+fn cache_get_rec_main_pod_circuit_data(
+    params: &Params,
+) -> CacheEntry<(
+    RecursiveCircuitTarget<MainPodVerifyTarget>,
+    CircuitDataSerializer,
+)> {
+    // TODO(Edu): I believe that the standard_rec_main_pod_circuit data is the same as this when
+    // the params are Default: we're padding the circuit to itself, so we get the original one?
+    // If this is true we can deduplicate this cache entry because both rec_main_pod_circuit_data
+    // and standard_rec_main_pod_circuit_data are indexed by Params.  This can be easily tested by
+    // comparing the cached artifacts on disk :)
+    cache::get("rec_main_pod_circuit_data", params, |params| {
+        let (target, circuit_data) = rec_main_pod_circuit_data(params);
+        (target, CircuitDataSerializer(circuit_data))
+    })
+    .expect("cache ok")
+}
+
+pub fn cache_get_rec_main_pod_verifier_circuit_data(
+    params: &Params,
+) -> CacheEntry<VerifierCircuitDataSerializer> {
+    cache::get("rec_main_pod_verifier_circuit_data", params, |params| {
+        let (_, rec_main_pod_circuit_data_padded) = &*cache_get_rec_main_pod_circuit_data(params);
+        VerifierCircuitDataSerializer(rec_main_pod_circuit_data_padded.verifier_data().clone())
+    })
+    .expect("cache ok")
+}
+
+// This is a helper function to get the CommonCircuitData necessary to decode
+// a serialized proof.
+pub fn cache_get_rec_main_pod_common_circuit_data(
+    params: &Params,
+) -> CacheEntry<CommonCircuitDataSerializer> {
+    cache::get("rec_main_pod_common_circuit_data", params, |params| {
+        let (_, rec_main_pod_circuit_data_padded) = &*cache_get_rec_main_pod_circuit_data(params);
+        CommonCircuitDataSerializer(rec_main_pod_circuit_data_padded.common.clone())
+    })
+    .expect("cache ok")
 }
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -626,22 +657,15 @@ impl Pod for MainPod {
         }
 
         // 1, 3, 4, 5 verification via the zkSNARK proof
-        let rec_circuit_data = &*STANDARD_REC_MAIN_POD_CIRCUIT_DATA;
-        // TODO: cache these artefacts
-        // https://github.com/0xPARC/pod2/issues/247
-        let (_, circuit_data) =
-            RecursiveCircuit::<MainPodVerifyTarget>::target_and_circuit_data_padded(
-                self.params.max_input_recursive_pods,
-                &rec_circuit_data.common,
-                &self.params,
-            )?;
+        let rec_main_pod_verifier_circuit_data =
+            &*cache_get_rec_main_pod_verifier_circuit_data(&self.params);
         let public_inputs = id
             .to_fields(&self.params)
             .iter()
             .chain(self.vd_set.root().0.iter())
             .cloned()
             .collect_vec();
-        circuit_data
+        rec_main_pod_verifier_circuit_data
             .verify(ProofWithPublicInputs {
                 proof: self.proof.clone(),
                 public_inputs,
@@ -675,8 +699,9 @@ impl Pod for MainPod {
 
 impl RecursivePod for MainPod {
     fn verifier_data(&self) -> VerifierOnlyCircuitData {
-        let data = &*STANDARD_REC_MAIN_POD_CIRCUIT_DATA;
-        data.verifier_only.clone()
+        let rec_main_pod_verifier_circuit_data =
+            cache_get_rec_main_pod_verifier_circuit_data(&self.params);
+        rec_main_pod_verifier_circuit_data.verifier_only.clone()
     }
     fn proof(&self) -> Proof {
         self.proof.clone()
@@ -691,7 +716,7 @@ impl RecursivePod for MainPod {
         id: PodId,
     ) -> Result<Box<dyn RecursivePod>> {
         let data: Data = serde_json::from_value(data)?;
-        let common = get_common_data(&params)?;
+        let common = cache_get_rec_main_pod_common_circuit_data(&params);
         let proof = deserialize_proof(&common, &data.proof)?;
         Ok(Box::new(Self {
             params,
@@ -719,7 +744,8 @@ pub mod tests {
             self, literal, CustomPredicateBatchBuilder, MainPodBuilder, StatementTmplBuilder as STB,
         },
         middleware::{
-            self, containers::Set, CustomPredicateRef, NativePredicate as NP, DEFAULT_VD_SET,
+            self, containers::Set, CustomPredicateRef, NativePredicate as NP, DEFAULT_VD_LIST,
+            DEFAULT_VD_SET,
         },
         op,
     };
@@ -735,7 +761,9 @@ pub mod tests {
             ..Default::default()
         };
         println!("{:#?}", params);
-        let vd_set = &*DEFAULT_VD_SET;
+        let mut vds = DEFAULT_VD_LIST.clone();
+        vds.push(rec_main_pod_circuit_data(&params).1.verifier_only.clone());
+        let vd_set = VDSet::new(params.max_depth_mt_vds, &vds).unwrap();
 
         let (gov_id_builder, pay_stub_builder, sanction_list_builder) =
             zu_kyc_sign_pod_builders(&params);
@@ -747,7 +775,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let sanction_list_pod = sanction_list_builder.sign(&signer)?;
         let kyc_builder = zu_kyc_pod_builder(
             &params,
-            vd_set,
+            &vd_set,
             &gov_id_pod,
             &pay_stub_pod,
             &sanction_list_pod,
@@ -772,7 +800,9 @@ pub mod tests {
             max_input_pods_public_statements: 10,
             ..Default::default()
         };
-        let vd_set = &*DEFAULT_VD_SET;
+        let mut vds = DEFAULT_VD_LIST.clone();
+        vds.push(rec_main_pod_circuit_data(&params).1.verifier_only.clone());
+        let vd_set = VDSet::new(params.max_depth_mt_vds, &vds).unwrap();
 
         let mut gov_id_builder = frontend::SignedPodBuilder::new(&params);
         gov_id_builder.insert("idNumber", "4242424242");
@@ -781,7 +811,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let signer = Signer(SecretKey(42u64.into()));
         let gov_id = gov_id_builder.sign(&signer).unwrap();
         let now_minus_18y: i64 = 1169909388;
-        let mut kyc_builder = frontend::MainPodBuilder::new(&params, vd_set);
+        let mut kyc_builder = frontend::MainPodBuilder::new(&params, &vd_set);
         kyc_builder.add_signed_pod(&gov_id);
         kyc_builder
             .pub_op(op!(lt, (&gov_id, "dateOfBirth"), now_minus_18y))
@@ -827,9 +857,11 @@ pub mod tests {
             max_depth_mt_containers: 4,
             max_depth_mt_vds: 6,
         };
-        let vd_set = &*DEFAULT_VD_SET;
+        let mut vds = DEFAULT_VD_LIST.clone();
+        vds.push(rec_main_pod_circuit_data(&params).1.verifier_only.clone());
+        let vd_set = VDSet::new(params.max_depth_mt_vds, &vds).unwrap();
 
-        let pod_builder = frontend::MainPodBuilder::new(&params, vd_set);
+        let pod_builder = frontend::MainPodBuilder::new(&params, &vd_set);
 
         // Mock
         let prover = MockProver {};
@@ -889,7 +921,9 @@ pub mod tests {
             ..Default::default()
         };
         println!("{:#?}", params);
-        let vd_set = &*DEFAULT_VD_SET;
+        let mut vds = DEFAULT_VD_LIST.clone();
+        vds.push(rec_main_pod_circuit_data(&params).1.verifier_only.clone());
+        let vd_set = VDSet::new(params.max_depth_mt_vds, &vds).unwrap();
 
         let mut cpb_builder = CustomPredicateBatchBuilder::new(params.clone(), "cpb".into());
         let stb0 = STB::new(NP::Equal).arg(("id", "score")).arg(literal(42));
@@ -908,7 +942,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let cpb_and = CustomPredicateRef::new(cpb.clone(), 0);
         let _cpb_or = CustomPredicateRef::new(cpb.clone(), 1);
 
-        let mut pod_builder = MainPodBuilder::new(&params, vd_set);
+        let mut pod_builder = MainPodBuilder::new(&params, &vd_set);
 
         let st0 = pod_builder.priv_op(op!(new_entry, "score", 42))?;
         let st1 = pod_builder.priv_op(op!(new_entry, "key", 42))?;

src/backends/plonky2/mock/mainpod.rs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for MockMainPod {
         for (i, st) in self.statements.iter().enumerate() {
             if self.params.max_input_signed_pods > 0
                 && (i >= offset_input_signed_pods && i < offset_input_recursive_pods)
-                && ((i - offset_input_signed_pods) % self.params.max_signed_pod_values == 0)
+                && (i - offset_input_signed_pods).is_multiple_of(self.params.max_signed_pod_values)
             {
                 let index = (i - offset_input_signed_pods) / self.params.max_signed_pod_values;
                 let pod = &self.input_signed_pods[index];
@@ -84,9 +84,8 @@ impl fmt::Display for MockMainPod {
             if self.params.max_input_recursive_pods > 0
                 && (i >= offset_input_recursive_pods)
                 && (i < offset_input_statements)
-                && ((i - offset_input_recursive_pods)
-                    % self.params.max_input_pods_public_statements
-                    == 0)
+                && (i - offset_input_recursive_pods)
+                    .is_multiple_of(self.params.max_input_pods_public_statements)
             {
                 let index = (i - offset_input_recursive_pods)
                     / self.params.max_input_pods_public_statements;

src/backends/plonky2/mod.rs

@@ -6,29 +6,33 @@ pub mod mainpod;
 pub mod mock;
 pub mod primitives;
 pub mod recursion;
+mod serialization;
 pub mod signedpod;
 
-use std::sync::LazyLock;
-
 use base64::{prelude::BASE64_STANDARD, Engine};
 pub use error::*;
 use plonky2::util::serialization::{Buffer, Read};
 
 use crate::{
     backends::plonky2::{
-        basetypes::{CircuitData, CommonCircuitData, Proof},
+        basetypes::{CommonCircuitData, Proof},
         circuits::mainpod::{MainPodVerifyTarget, NUM_PUBLIC_INPUTS},
         recursion::RecursiveCircuit,
+        serialization::CommonCircuitDataSerializer,
     },
+    cache::{self, CacheEntry},
     middleware::Params,
     timed,
 };
 
-pub static DEFAULT_PARAMS: LazyLock<Params> = LazyLock::new(Params::default);
-
-pub static STANDARD_REC_MAIN_POD_CIRCUIT_DATA: LazyLock<CircuitData> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    let params = &*DEFAULT_PARAMS;
-    timed!(
+pub fn cache_get_standard_rec_main_pod_common_circuit_data(
+) -> CacheEntry<CommonCircuitDataSerializer> {
+    let params = Params::default();
+    cache::get(
+        "standard_rec_main_pod_common_circuit_data",
+        &params,
+        |params| {
+            let circuit_data = timed!(
                 "recursive MainPod circuit_data",
                 RecursiveCircuit::<MainPodVerifyTarget>::target_and_circuit_data(
                     params.max_input_recursive_pods,
@@ -36,9 +40,12 @@ pub static STANDARD_REC_MAIN_POD_CIRCUIT_DATA: LazyLock<CircuitData> = LazyLock:
                     params
                 )
                 .expect("calculate circuit_data")
-        .1
+            );
+            CommonCircuitDataSerializer(circuit_data.1.common)
+        },
     )
-});
+    .expect("cache ok")
+}
 
 pub fn serialize_bytes(bytes: &[u8]) -> String {
     BASE64_STANDARD.encode(bytes)

src/backends/plonky2/primitives/ec/bits.rs

@@ -16,11 +16,12 @@ use plonky2::{
     plonk::{circuit_builder::CircuitBuilder, circuit_data::CommonCircuitData},
     util::serialization::{Buffer, IoResult, Read, Write},
 };
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::backends::plonky2::basetypes::{D, F};
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct ConditionalZeroGenerator<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> {
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct ConditionalZeroGenerator<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> {
     if_zero: Target,
     then_zero: Target,
     quot: Target,
@@ -78,9 +79,11 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> SimpleGenerator<F, D>
 
 /// A big integer, represented in base `2^32` with 10 digits, in little endian
 /// form.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct BigUInt320Target {
+    #[serde(with = "serde_arrays")]
     pub limbs: [Target; 10],
+    #[serde(with = "serde_arrays")]
     pub bits: [BoolTarget; 320],
 }
 
@@ -313,7 +316,7 @@ fn biguint_limbs_to_bits(builder: &mut CircuitBuilder<F, D>, limbs: &[Target]) -
 Copied from https://github.com/0xPolygonZero/plonky2/blob/82791c4809d6275682c34b926390ecdbdc2a5297/plonky2/src/gadgets/range_check.rs#L62
  */
 
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
 pub struct LowHighGenerator {
     integer: Target,
     n_log: usize,

src/backends/plonky2/primitives/ec/curve.rs

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ pub fn ec_field_sqrt(x: &ECField) -> Option<ECField> {
     ]);
     // Compute x^((r-1)/2) = x^(p*((1+p)/2)*(1+p^2))
     let x1 = x.frobenius();
+    #[allow(clippy::manual_div_ceil)]
     let x2 = x1.exp_u64((1 + GoldilocksField::ORDER) / 2);
     let den = x2 * x2.repeated_frobenius(2);
     Some(num / den)
@@ -440,7 +441,7 @@ impl Mul<Point> for &BigUint {
 
 type FieldTarget = OEFTarget<5, QuinticExtension<GoldilocksField>>;
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct PointTarget {
     pub x: FieldTarget,
     pub u: FieldTarget,
@@ -470,8 +471,8 @@ impl PointTarget {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-struct PointSquareRootGenerator {
+#[derive(Clone, Default, Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct PointSquareRootGenerator {
     pub orig: PointTarget,
     pub sqrt: PointTarget,
 }

src/backends/plonky2/primitives/ec/field.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use plonky2::{
     plonk::{circuit_builder::CircuitBuilder, circuit_data::CommonCircuitData},
     util::serialization::{Buffer, IoError, Read, Write},
 };
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 //use super::gates::field::NNFMulGate;
 use crate::{
@@ -83,8 +84,9 @@ pub trait CircuitBuilderNNF<
 }
 
 /// Target type modelled on OEF.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct OEFTarget<const DEG: usize, NNF: OEF<DEG>> {
+    #[serde(with = "serde_arrays")]
     pub components: [Target; DEG],
     _phantom_data: PhantomData<NNF>,
 }
@@ -106,8 +108,8 @@ impl<const DEG: usize, NNF: OEF<DEG>> Default for OEFTarget<DEG, NNF> {
 
 /// Quotient generator for OEF targets. Allows us to automagically
 /// generate quotients as witnesses.
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
-struct QuotientGeneratorOEF<const DEG: usize, NNF: OEF<DEG>> {
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct QuotientGeneratorOEF<const DEG: usize, NNF: OEF<DEG>> {
     numerator: OEFTarget<DEG, NNF>,
     denominator: OEFTarget<DEG, NNF>,
     quotient: OEFTarget<DEG, NNF>,
@@ -121,7 +123,11 @@ impl<
     > SimpleGenerator<F, D> for QuotientGeneratorOEF<DEG, NNF>
 {
     fn id(&self) -> String {
-        "QuotientGeneratorOEF".to_string()
+        format!(
+            "QuotientGeneratorOEF<{}, {}>",
+            DEG,
+            std::any::type_name::<NNF>()
+        )
     }
 
     fn dependencies(&self) -> Vec<Target> {

src/backends/plonky2/primitives/ec/gates/curve.rs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use crate::backends::plonky2::primitives::ec::{
 /// operation when all its witness wire values are zero (so that when the gate is partially used,
 /// the unused slots still pass the constraints). This is the reason why this gate doesn't add the
 /// final offset: if it did, the constraints wouldn't pass on the zero witness values.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
 pub struct ECAddHomogOffset;
 
 impl SimpleGate for ECAddHomogOffset {

src/backends/plonky2/primitives/ec/gates/generic.rs

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ pub struct RecursiveGateAdapter<const D: usize, G: SimpleGate> {
     _gate: PhantomData<G>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
 pub struct RecursiveGenerator<const D: usize, G: SimpleGate> {
     row: usize,
     index: usize,
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ where
     G::F: RichField + Extendable<D> + Extendable<1>,
 {
     fn id(&self) -> String {
-        G::ID.to_string()
+        format!("GateAdapter<{}>", std::any::type_name::<G>())
     }
 
     fn serialize(
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ where
     }
 
     fn id(&self) -> String {
-        format!("Generator<{},{}>", D, G::ID)
+        format!("RecursiveGenerator<{}, {}>", D, std::any::type_name::<G>())
     }
 
     fn dependencies(&self) -> Vec<Target> {
@@ -374,7 +374,11 @@ where
     F: RichField + Extendable<D>,
 {
     fn id(&self) -> String {
-        format!("Recursive<{},{}>", D, G::ID)
+        format!(
+            "RecursiveGateAdapter<{}, {}>",
+            D,
+            std::any::type_name::<G>()
+        )
     }
 
     fn serialize(&self, dst: &mut Vec<u8>, _common_data: &CommonCircuitData<F, D>) -> IoResult<()> {

src/backends/plonky2/primitives/ec/schnorr.rs

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Signature {
 }
 
 /// Targets for Schnorr signature over ecGFp5.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct SignatureTarget {
     pub s: BigUInt320Target,
     pub e: BigUInt320Target,

src/backends/plonky2/primitives/merkletree/circuit.rs

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use plonky2::{
     },
     plonk::circuit_builder::CircuitBuilder,
 };
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::{
     backends::plonky2::{
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ use crate::{
     middleware::{EMPTY_HASH, EMPTY_VALUE, F, HASH_SIZE},
 };
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct MerkleClaimAndProofTarget {
     pub(crate) max_depth: usize,
     // `enabled` determines if the merkleproof verification is enabled
@@ -194,6 +195,7 @@ impl MerkleClaimAndProofTarget {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct MerkleProofExistenceTarget {
     max_depth: usize,
     // `enabled` determines if the merkleproof verification is enabled

src/backends/plonky2/primitives/merkletree/mod.rs

@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ impl MerkleTree {
     }
 
     /// returns an iterator over the leaves of the tree
-    pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter {
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_> {
         Iter {
             state: vec![&self.root],
         }

src/backends/plonky2/primitives/signature/circuit.rs

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use plonky2::{
         proof::{ProofWithPublicInputs, ProofWithPublicInputsTarget},
     },
 };
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::{
     backends::plonky2::{
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ use crate::{
 // TODO: This is a very simple wrapper over the signature verification implemented on
 // `SignatureTarget`.  I think we can remove this and use it directly.  Also we're not using the
 // `enabled` flag, so it should be straight-forward to remove this.
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct SignatureVerifyTarget {
     // `enabled` determines if the signature verification is enabled
     pub(crate) enabled: BoolTarget,

src/backends/plonky2/recursion/circuit.rs

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ use plonky2::{
     },
     util::log2_ceil,
 };
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::{
     backends::plonky2::{
@@ -133,18 +134,59 @@ pub fn new_params_padded<I: InnerCircuit>(
 
 /// RecursiveCircuit defines the circuit that verifies `arity` proofs.
 pub struct RecursiveCircuit<I: InnerCircuit> {
-    pub(crate) params: RecursiveParams,
     pub(crate) prover: ProverCircuitData<F, C, D>,
     pub(crate) target: RecursiveCircuitTarget<I>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct RecursiveCircuitTarget<I: InnerCircuit> {
     innercircuit_targ: I,
     proofs_targ: Vec<ProofWithPublicInputsTarget<D>>,
     verifier_datas_targ: Vec<VerifierCircuitTarget>,
 }
 
+impl<I: InnerCircuit> RecursiveCircuitTarget<I> {
+    fn set_targets(
+        &self,
+        pw: &mut PartialWitness<F>,
+        innercircuit_input: &I::Input,
+        recursive_proofs: Vec<ProofWithPublicInputs<F, C, D>>,
+        verifier_datas: Vec<VerifierOnlyCircuitData<C, D>>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let n = self.proofs_targ.len();
+        assert_eq!(n, recursive_proofs.len());
+        assert_eq!(n, verifier_datas.len());
+
+        // set the InnerCircuit related values
+        self.innercircuit_targ.set_targets(pw, innercircuit_input)?;
+
+        #[allow(clippy::needless_range_loop)]
+        for i in 0..n {
+            pw.set_verifier_data_target(&self.verifier_datas_targ[i], &verifier_datas[i])?;
+            pw.set_proof_with_pis_target(&self.proofs_targ[i], &recursive_proofs[i])?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn prove_rec_circuit<I: InnerCircuit>(
+    target: &RecursiveCircuitTarget<I>,
+    circuit_data: &CircuitData<F, C, D>,
+    inner_inputs: &I::Input,
+    proofs: Vec<ProofWithPublicInputs<F, C, D>>,
+    verifier_datas: Vec<VerifierOnlyCircuitData<C, D>>,
+) -> Result<ProofWithPublicInputs<F, C, D>> {
+    let mut pw = PartialWitness::new();
+    target.set_targets(
+        &mut pw,
+        inner_inputs, // innercircuit_input
+        proofs,
+        verifier_datas,
+    )?;
+    Ok(circuit_data.prove(pw)?)
+}
+
 impl<I: InnerCircuit> RecursiveCircuit<I> {
     pub fn prove(
         &self,
@@ -153,7 +195,7 @@ impl<I: InnerCircuit> RecursiveCircuit<I> {
         verifier_datas: Vec<VerifierOnlyCircuitData<C, D>>,
     ) -> Result<ProofWithPublicInputs<F, C, D>> {
         let mut pw = PartialWitness::new();
-        self.set_targets(
+        self.target.set_targets(
             &mut pw,
             inner_inputs, // innercircuit_input
             proofs,
@@ -182,7 +224,6 @@ impl<I: InnerCircuit> RecursiveCircuit<I> {
 
         let prover: ProverCircuitData<F, C, D> = builder.build_prover::<C>();
         Ok(Self {
-            params: params.clone(),
             prover,
             target: targets,
         })
@@ -242,31 +283,6 @@ impl<I: InnerCircuit> RecursiveCircuit<I> {
         })
     }
 
-    fn set_targets(
-        &self,
-        pw: &mut PartialWitness<F>,
-        innercircuit_input: &I::Input,
-        recursive_proofs: Vec<ProofWithPublicInputs<F, C, D>>,
-        verifier_datas: Vec<VerifierOnlyCircuitData<C, D>>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let n = recursive_proofs.len();
-        assert_eq!(n, self.params.arity);
-        assert_eq!(n, verifier_datas.len());
-
-        // set the InnerCircuit related values
-        self.target
-            .innercircuit_targ
-            .set_targets(pw, innercircuit_input)?;
-
-        #[allow(clippy::needless_range_loop)]
-        for i in 0..self.params.arity {
-            pw.set_verifier_data_target(&self.target.verifier_datas_targ[i], &verifier_datas[i])?;
-            pw.set_proof_with_pis_target(&self.target.proofs_targ[i], &recursive_proofs[i])?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     /// returns the target full-recursive circuit and its CircuitData
     pub fn target_and_circuit_data(
         arity: usize,

src/backends/plonky2/recursion/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 pub mod circuit;
 pub use circuit::{
     common_data_for_recursion, hash_verifier_data, new_params, new_params_padded, pad_circuit,
-    InnerCircuit, RecursiveCircuit, RecursiveParams, VerifiedProofTarget,
+    prove_rec_circuit, InnerCircuit, RecursiveCircuit, RecursiveCircuitTarget, RecursiveParams,
+    VerifiedProofTarget,
 };

src/backends/plonky2/serialization.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+use std::ops::Deref;
+
+use plonky2::{
+    field::extension::quintic::QuinticExtension,
+    gates::{
+        arithmetic_base::ArithmeticGate, arithmetic_extension::ArithmeticExtensionGate,
+        base_sum::BaseSumGate, constant::ConstantGate, coset_interpolation::CosetInterpolationGate,
+        exponentiation::ExponentiationGate, lookup::LookupGate, lookup_table::LookupTableGate,
+        multiplication_extension::MulExtensionGate, noop::NoopGate, poseidon::PoseidonGate,
+        poseidon_mds::PoseidonMdsGate, public_input::PublicInputGate,
+        random_access::RandomAccessGate, reducing::ReducingGate,
+        reducing_extension::ReducingExtensionGate,
+    },
+    get_gate_tag_impl, impl_gate_serializer, read_gate_impl,
+    util::serialization::GateSerializer,
+};
+use serde::{de, ser, Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use crate::backends::plonky2::{
+    basetypes::{CircuitData, CommonCircuitData, VerifierCircuitData, C, D, F},
+    circuits::{common::LtMaskGenerator, utils::DebugGenerator},
+    primitives::ec::{
+        bits::ConditionalZeroGenerator,
+        curve::PointSquareRootGenerator,
+        field::QuotientGeneratorOEF,
+        gates::{
+            curve::ECAddHomogOffset,
+            field::NNFMulSimple,
+            generic::{GateAdapter, RecursiveGateAdapter, RecursiveGenerator},
+        },
+    },
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct Pod2GateSerializer;
+impl GateSerializer<F, D> for Pod2GateSerializer {
+    impl_gate_serializer! {
+        Pod2GateSerializer,
+        ArithmeticGate,
+        ArithmeticExtensionGate<D>,
+        BaseSumGate<2>,
+        ConstantGate,
+        CosetInterpolationGate<F, D>,
+        ExponentiationGate<F, D>,
+        LookupGate,
+        LookupTableGate,
+        MulExtensionGate<D>,
+        NoopGate,
+        PoseidonMdsGate<F, D>,
+        PoseidonGate<F, D>,
+        PublicInputGate,
+        RandomAccessGate<F, D>,
+        ReducingExtensionGate<D>,
+        ReducingGate<D>,
+        // pod2 custom gates
+        GateAdapter::<NNFMulSimple<5, QuinticExtension<F>>>,
+        RecursiveGateAdapter::<D, NNFMulSimple<5, QuinticExtension<F>>>,
+        GateAdapter::<ECAddHomogOffset>,
+        RecursiveGateAdapter::<D, ECAddHomogOffset>
+    }
+}
+
+use plonky2::{
+    gadgets::{
+        arithmetic::EqualityGenerator,
+        arithmetic_extension::QuotientGeneratorExtension,
+        range_check::LowHighGenerator,
+        split_base::BaseSumGenerator,
+        split_join::{SplitGenerator, WireSplitGenerator},
+    },
+    gates::{
+        arithmetic_base::ArithmeticBaseGenerator,
+        arithmetic_extension::ArithmeticExtensionGenerator, base_sum::BaseSplitGenerator,
+        coset_interpolation::InterpolationGenerator, exponentiation::ExponentiationGenerator,
+        lookup::LookupGenerator, lookup_table::LookupTableGenerator,
+        multiplication_extension::MulExtensionGenerator, poseidon::PoseidonGenerator,
+        poseidon_mds::PoseidonMdsGenerator, random_access::RandomAccessGenerator,
+        reducing::ReducingGenerator,
+        reducing_extension::ReducingGenerator as ReducingExtensionGenerator,
+    },
+    get_generator_tag_impl, impl_generator_serializer,
+    iop::generator::{
+        ConstantGenerator, CopyGenerator, NonzeroTestGenerator, RandomValueGenerator,
+    },
+    read_generator_impl,
+    recursion::dummy_circuit::DummyProofGenerator,
+    util::serialization::WitnessGeneratorSerializer,
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct Pod2GeneratorSerializer {}
+
+// TODO: Add pod2 custom generators
+impl WitnessGeneratorSerializer<F, D> for Pod2GeneratorSerializer {
+    impl_generator_serializer! {
+        Pod2GeneratorSerializer,
+        ArithmeticBaseGenerator<F, D>,
+        ArithmeticExtensionGenerator<F, D>,
+        BaseSplitGenerator<2>,
+        BaseSumGenerator<2>,
+        ConstantGenerator<F>,
+        CopyGenerator,
+        DummyProofGenerator<F, C, D>,
+        EqualityGenerator,
+        ExponentiationGenerator<F, D>,
+        InterpolationGenerator<F, D>,
+        LookupGenerator,
+        LookupTableGenerator,
+        LowHighGenerator,
+        MulExtensionGenerator<F, D>,
+        NonzeroTestGenerator,
+        PoseidonGenerator<F, D>,
+        PoseidonMdsGenerator<D>,
+        QuotientGeneratorExtension<D>,
+        RandomAccessGenerator<F, D>,
+        RandomValueGenerator,
+        ReducingGenerator<D>,
+        ReducingExtensionGenerator<D>,
+        SplitGenerator,
+        WireSplitGenerator,
+        // pod2 custom generators
+        DebugGenerator,
+        LtMaskGenerator,
+        QuotientGeneratorOEF<5, QuinticExtension<F>>,
+        PointSquareRootGenerator,
+        ConditionalZeroGenerator<F, D>,
+        RecursiveGenerator<D, NNFMulSimple<5, QuinticExtension<F>>>,
+        RecursiveGenerator<1, NNFMulSimple<5, QuinticExtension<F>>>,
+        RecursiveGenerator<D, ECAddHomogOffset>,
+        RecursiveGenerator<1, ECAddHomogOffset>
+    }
+}
+
+/// Helper type to serialize and deserialize the pod2 `CircuitData` using serde traits.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct CircuitDataSerializer(pub(crate) CircuitData);
+
+impl Deref for CircuitDataSerializer {
+    type Target = CircuitData;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl Serialize for CircuitDataSerializer {
+    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: serde::Serializer,
+    {
+        let gate_serializer = Pod2GateSerializer {};
+        let generator_serializer = Pod2GeneratorSerializer {};
+        let bytes = self
+            .0
+            .to_bytes(&gate_serializer, &generator_serializer)
+            .map_err(ser::Error::custom)?;
+        serde_bytes::ByteBuf::from(bytes).serialize(serializer)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for CircuitDataSerializer {
+    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+    where
+        D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        let bytes = <&'de serde_bytes::Bytes>::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+        let gate_serializer = Pod2GateSerializer {};
+        let generator_serializer = Pod2GeneratorSerializer {};
+        let circuit_data = CircuitData::from_bytes(bytes, &gate_serializer, &generator_serializer)
+            .map_err(de::Error::custom)?;
+        Ok(CircuitDataSerializer(circuit_data))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Helper type to serialize and deserialize the pod2 `CommonCircuitData` using serde traits.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct CommonCircuitDataSerializer(pub(crate) CommonCircuitData);
+
+impl Deref for CommonCircuitDataSerializer {
+    type Target = CommonCircuitData;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl Serialize for CommonCircuitDataSerializer {
+    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: serde::Serializer,
+    {
+        let gate_serializer = Pod2GateSerializer {};
+        let bytes = self
+            .0
+            .to_bytes(&gate_serializer)
+            .map_err(ser::Error::custom)?;
+        serde_bytes::ByteBuf::from(bytes).serialize(serializer)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for CommonCircuitDataSerializer {
+    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+    where
+        D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        let bytes = <&'de serde_bytes::Bytes>::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+        let gate_serializer = Pod2GateSerializer {};
+        let circuit_data =
+            CommonCircuitData::from_bytes(bytes, &gate_serializer).map_err(de::Error::custom)?;
+        Ok(CommonCircuitDataSerializer(circuit_data))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Helper type to serialize and deserialize the pod2 `VerifierCircuitData` using serde traits.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct VerifierCircuitDataSerializer(pub(crate) VerifierCircuitData);
+
+impl Deref for VerifierCircuitDataSerializer {
+    type Target = VerifierCircuitData;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl Serialize for VerifierCircuitDataSerializer {
+    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: serde::Serializer,
+    {
+        let gate_serializer = Pod2GateSerializer {};
+        let bytes = self
+            .0
+            .to_bytes(&gate_serializer)
+            .map_err(ser::Error::custom)?;
+        serde_bytes::ByteBuf::from(bytes).serialize(serializer)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for VerifierCircuitDataSerializer {
+    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+    where
+        D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        let bytes = <&'de serde_bytes::Bytes>::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+
+        let gate_serializer = Pod2GateSerializer {};
+        let circuit_data =
+            VerifierCircuitData::from_bytes(bytes, &gate_serializer).map_err(de::Error::custom)?;
+        Ok(VerifierCircuitDataSerializer(circuit_data))
+    }
+}

src/cache/disk.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+use std::{
+    fs::{create_dir_all, rename, File, TryLockError},
+    io::{Error, ErrorKind, Read, Write},
+    ops::Deref,
+    thread, time,
+};
+
+use directories::BaseDirs;
+use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, Serialize};
+use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
+
+pub struct CacheEntry<T> {
+    value: T,
+}
+
+impl<T> Deref for CacheEntry<T> {
+    type Target = T;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.value
+    }
+}
+
+/// Get the artifact named `name` from the disk cache.  If it doesn't exist, it will be built by
+/// calling `build_fn` and stored.
+/// The artifact is indexed by git commit first and then by `params: P` second.
+pub(crate) fn get<T: Serialize + DeserializeOwned, P: Serialize>(
+    name: &str,
+    params: &P,
+    build_fn: fn(&P) -> T,
+) -> Result<CacheEntry<T>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let commit_hash_str = env!("VERGEN_GIT_SHA");
+    let params_json = serde_json::to_string(params)?;
+    let params_json_hash = Sha256::digest(&params_json);
+    let params_json_hash_str_long = format!("{:x}", params_json_hash);
+    let params_json_hash_str = format!("{}", &params_json_hash_str_long[..32]);
+    let log_name = format!("{}/{}/{}.cbor", commit_hash_str, params_json_hash_str, name);
+    log::debug!("getting {} from the disk cache", log_name);
+
+    let base_dirs =
+        BaseDirs::new().ok_or(Error::new(ErrorKind::Other, "no valid home directory"))?;
+    let user_cache_dir = base_dirs.cache_dir();
+    let pod2_cache_dir = user_cache_dir.join("pod2");
+    let commit_cache_dir = pod2_cache_dir.join(&commit_hash_str);
+    create_dir_all(&commit_cache_dir)?;
+
+    let cache_dir = commit_cache_dir.join(&params_json_hash_str);
+    create_dir_all(&cache_dir)?;
+
+    // Store the params.json if it doesn't exist for better debuggability
+    let params_path = cache_dir.join("params.json");
+    if !params_path.try_exists()? {
+        // First write the file to .tmp and then rename to avoid a corrupted file if we crash in
+        // the middle of the write.
+        let params_path_tmp = cache_dir.join("params.json.tmp");
+        let mut file = File::create(&params_path_tmp)?;
+        file.write_all(params_json.as_bytes())?;
+        rename(params_path_tmp, params_path)?;
+    }
+
+    let cache_path = cache_dir.join(format!("{}.cbor", name));
+    let cache_path_tmp = cache_dir.join(format!("{}.cbor.tmp", name));
+
+    // First try to open the cached file.  If it exists we assume a previous build+cache succeeded
+    // so we read, deserialize it and return it.
+    // If it doesn't exist we open a corresponding tmp file and try to acquire it exclusively.  If
+    // we can't acquire it means another process is building the artifact so we retry again in 100
+    // ms.  If we acquire the lock we build the artifact store it in the tmp file and finally
+    // rename it to the final cached file.  This way the final cached file either exists and is
+    // complete or doesn't exist at all (in case of a crash the corruputed file will be tmp).
+
+    loop {
+        let mut file = match File::open(&cache_path) {
+            Ok(file) => file,
+            Err(err) => {
+                if err.kind() == ErrorKind::NotFound {
+                    let mut file_tmp = File::create(&cache_path_tmp)?;
+                    match file_tmp.try_lock() {
+                        Ok(_) => (),
+                        Err(TryLockError::WouldBlock) => {
+                            // Lock not acquired.  Another process is building the artifact, let's
+                            // try again in 100 ms.
+                            thread::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(100));
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        Err(TryLockError::Error(err)) => return Err(Box::new(err)),
+                    }
+                    // Exclusive lock acquired, build the artifact, serialize it and store it.
+                    log::info!("building {} and storing to the disk cache", log_name);
+                    let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+                    let data = build_fn(params);
+                    let elapsed = std::time::Instant::now() - start;
+                    log::debug!("built {} in {:?}", log_name, elapsed);
+                    let data_cbor = minicbor_serde::to_vec(&data)?;
+                    // First write the file to .tmp and then rename to avoid a corrupted file if we
+                    // crash in the middle of the write.
+                    file_tmp.write_all(&data_cbor)?;
+                    rename(cache_path_tmp, cache_path)?;
+                    return Ok(CacheEntry { value: data });
+                } else {
+                    return Err(Box::new(err));
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        log::debug!("found {} in the disk cache", log_name);
+
+        let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+        let mut data_cbor = Vec::new();
+        file.read_to_end(&mut data_cbor)?;
+        let elapsed = std::time::Instant::now() - start;
+        log::debug!("read {} from disk in {:?}", log_name, elapsed);
+
+        let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+        let data: T = minicbor_serde::from_slice(&data_cbor)?;
+        let elapsed = std::time::Instant::now() - start;
+        log::debug!("deserialized {} in {:?}", log_name, elapsed);
+
+        return Ok(CacheEntry { value: data });
+    }
+}

src/cache/mem.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+use std::{
+    any::Any,
+    collections::HashMap,
+    ops::Deref,
+    sync::{LazyLock, Mutex},
+    thread, time,
+};
+
+use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, Serialize};
+use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
+
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+static CACHE: LazyLock<Mutex<HashMap<String, Option<Box<dyn Any + Send + 'static>>>>> =
+    LazyLock::new(|| Mutex::new(HashMap::new()));
+
+pub struct CacheEntry<T: 'static> {
+    value: &'static T,
+}
+
+impl<T> Deref for CacheEntry<T> {
+    type Target = T;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        self.value
+    }
+}
+
+/// Get the artifact named `name` from the memory cache.  If it doesn't exist, it will be built by
+/// calling `build_fn` and stored.
+/// The artifact is indexed by `params: P`.
+pub(crate) fn get<T: Serialize + DeserializeOwned + Send + 'static, P: Serialize>(
+    name: &str,
+    params: &P,
+    build_fn: fn(&P) -> T,
+) -> Result<CacheEntry<T>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let params_json = serde_json::to_string(params)?;
+    let params_json_hash = Sha256::digest(&params_json);
+    let params_json_hash_str_long = format!("{:x}", params_json_hash);
+    let key = format!("{}/{}", &params_json_hash_str_long[..32], name);
+    log::debug!("getting {} from the mem cache", name);
+
+    loop {
+        let mut cache = CACHE.lock()?;
+        if let Some(entry) = cache.get(&key) {
+            if let Some(boxed_data) = entry {
+                if let Some(data) = boxed_data.downcast_ref::<T>() {
+                    log::debug!("found {} in the mem cache", name);
+                    // The data is now in the heap (boxed), and will never go away because we can
+                    // only insert into the CACHE if there's no entry, we can't delete nor update.
+                    // Since it's not going away, not moving, and the CACHE is 'static, it's safe
+                    // to extend the lifetime of data to 'static.
+                    let data_static = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<&T, &'static T>(data) };
+                    return Ok(CacheEntry { value: data_static });
+                } else {
+                    panic!(
+                        "type={} doesn't match the type in the cached boxed value with name={}",
+                        std::any::type_name::<T>(),
+                        name
+                    );
+                }
+            } else {
+                // Another thread is building this entry, let's retry again in 100 ms
+                drop(cache); // release the lock
+                thread::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(100));
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        // No entry in the cache, let's put a `None` to signal that we're building the
+        // artifact, release the lock, build the artifact and insert it.  We do this to avoid
+        // locking for a long time.
+        cache.insert(key.clone(), None);
+        drop(cache); // release the lock
+        log::info!("building {} and storing to the mem cache", name);
+        let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+        let data = build_fn(params);
+        let elapsed = std::time::Instant::now() - start;
+        log::debug!("built {} in {:?}", name, elapsed);
+
+        CACHE.lock()?.insert(key, Some(Box::new(data)));
+        // Call `get` again and this time we'll retrieve the data from the cache
+        return get(name, params, build_fn);
+    }
+}

src/cache/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#[cfg(feature = "disk_cache")]
+mod disk;
+#[cfg(feature = "disk_cache")]
+pub(crate) use disk::{get, CacheEntry};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "mem_cache")]
+mod mem;
+#[cfg(feature = "mem_cache")]
+pub(crate) use mem::{get, CacheEntry};

src/frontend/serialization.rs

@@ -119,7 +119,9 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use crate::{
         backends::plonky2::{
-            mainpod::Prover, mock::mainpod::MockProver, primitives::ec::schnorr::SecretKey,
+            mainpod::{rec_main_pod_circuit_data, Prover},
+            mock::mainpod::MockProver,
+            primitives::ec::schnorr::SecretKey,
             signedpod::Signer,
         },
         examples::{
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ mod tests {
         middleware::{
             self,
             containers::{Array, Dictionary, Set},
-            Params, TypedValue, DEFAULT_VD_SET,
+            Params, TypedValue, DEFAULT_VD_LIST,
         },
     };
 
@@ -300,7 +302,9 @@ mod tests {
             max_input_recursive_pods: 1,
             ..Default::default()
         };
-        let vd_set = &*DEFAULT_VD_SET;
+        let mut vds = DEFAULT_VD_LIST.clone();
+        vds.push(rec_main_pod_circuit_data(&params).1.verifier_only.clone());
+        let vd_set = VDSet::new(params.max_depth_mt_vds, &vds).unwrap();
 
         let (gov_id_builder, pay_stub_builder, sanction_list_builder) =
             zu_kyc_sign_pod_builders(&params);
@@ -312,7 +316,7 @@ mod tests {
         let sanction_list_pod = sanction_list_builder.sign(&signer)?;
         let kyc_builder = zu_kyc_pod_builder(
             &params,
-            vd_set,
+            &vd_set,
             &gov_id_pod,
             &pay_stub_pod,
             &sanction_list_pod,

src/lang/parser.rs

@@ -40,12 +40,11 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     fn assert_fails(rule: Rule, input: &str) {
-        match PodlangParser::parse(rule, input) {
-            Ok(pairs) => panic!(
+        if let Ok(pairs) = PodlangParser::parse(rule, input) {
+            panic!(
                 "Expected parse to fail, but it succeeded. Parsed:\n{:#?}",
                 pairs
-            ),
-            Err(_) => (), // Failed as expected
+            )
         }
     }
 

src/lang/processor.rs

@@ -975,7 +975,7 @@ mod processor_tests {
         middleware::Params,
     };
 
-    fn get_document_content_pairs(input: &str) -> Result<Pairs<Rule>, ProcessorError> {
+    fn get_document_content_pairs(input: &str) -> Result<Pairs<'_, Rule>, ProcessorError> {
         let full_parse_tree = parse_podlang(input)
             .map_err(|e| ProcessorError::Internal(format!("Test parsing failed: {:?}", e)))?;
 

src/lib.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 #![allow(clippy::get_first)]
-#![feature(trait_upcasting)]
+#![allow(clippy::uninlined_format_args)] // TODO: Remove this in another PR
+#![allow(clippy::manual_repeat_n)] // TODO: Remove this in another PR
+#![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)] // TODO: Remove this in another PR
 #![feature(mapped_lock_guards)]
 
 pub mod backends;
+mod cache;
 pub mod frontend;
 pub mod lang;
 pub mod middleware;

src/middleware/mod.rs

@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ impl Eq for Value {}
 
 impl PartialOrd for Value {
     fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
-        Some(self.raw.cmp(&other.raw))
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
     }
 }